James Bond, Spies and the Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese History with Tomás Pedrosa of Paths of History.
How Estoril inspired 007, why Portugal's alliance with England is the world's oldest, and why history is really about storytelling.
Tomás Pedrosa of Paths of History explores Portuguese history, from WWII spies in Estoril and the James Bond story to the Battle of Aljubarrota.
Portuguese history is far more connected to the wider world than most people realise, and few people tell that story with as much enthusiasm as Tomás Pedrosa. A licensed tour guide of nine years, working across Leiria, Sintra, Lisbon and central Portugal, Tomás is the founder of Paths of History, and in this episode he explains how a schoolboy who disliked history became one of its most passionate storytellers.
Tomás and Justin begin with the idea that history is, at heart, storytelling rather than a list of dates and facts. They discuss why so much of what we know comes to us indirectly through archives and secondary sources, and why the way history is taught, including the gaps around the royalist and dictatorial periods in Portuguese schools, shapes what people understand about their own country.
From there the conversation turns to identity. Drawing on DNA evidence and his own ancestry results, Tomás describes Portugal as a genuine melting pot, shaped by centuries of migration, conquest and trade, and by explorers who carried Portuguese influence around the globe. He argues that sharing this history helps counter nationalism and the "us versus them" mindset, and helps us avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.
The centrepiece of the episode is the extraordinary story of Portugal in the Second World War. As a neutral country leaning towards the Allies, Portugal became a haven for exiled royals, diplomats and spies, with Estoril and Cascais at the heart of the intrigue. Tomás recounts the tale of Dusko Popov, the real-life double agent who operated in Estoril and inspired Ian Fleming to create James Bond, and points out where Bond's screen adventures were filmed in Portugal. He also explains Portugal's delicate diplomacy, including the decision to allow British and American bases in the Azores in 1943.
That balancing act rested on the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, formalised in the treaties of 1373 and 1386 and recognised as the oldest military alliance in the world. Tomás also shares some lighter examples of the connection, such as Queen Catarina introducing tea drinking to England.
Finally, the pair go back to the moment that made Portugal an independent nation. When King Ferdinand died without a male heir in 1383, Portugal faced annexation by Castile. At the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385, around 6,000 Portuguese and English troops defeated a far larger Castilian and French army of some 33,000, through superior tactics and knowledge of the terrain. The victory brought the Avis dynasty to the throne, led to the marriage of João I and Philippa of Lancaster, and produced the "illustrious generation" that included Henry the Navigator, setting the stage for the Age of Discovery.
Whether you are a history lover, a curious visitor or a new resident wanting to understand your adopted home, this is a lively and accessible conversation about the stories that made Portugal.